Popponesset Island is an island and census-designated place in the town of Mashpee in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 220 at the 2010 census. Popponesset Island is located in the southeastern part of the town of Mashpee. It lies in Popponesset Bay, an arm of Nantucket Sound, and is separated from the mainland of C…Popponesset Island is an island and census-designated place in the town of Mashpee in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 220 at the 2010 census. Popponesset Island is located in the southeastern part of the town of Mashpee. It lies in Popponesset Bay, an arm of Nantucket Sound, and is separated from the mainland of Cape Cod by the narrow Popponesset Creek. The CDP of New Seabury is to the west, across Popponesset Creek, and the Popponesset CDP is to the southwest. The town of Barnstable is to the northeast, across Popponesset Bay.