The average textbook definition of modulation reads: modulation is a process in which the frequency, phase or amplitude of a carrier wave varies in step with the instantaneous value of the modulating ...

A look at the simplest FM demodulation technique. It doesn’t give the lowest possible output distortion, it doesn’t reject amplitude distortion effects, but it is simple and can be used at virtually ...

Pass/fail testing is an analysis function of an oscilloscope that shows whether waveforms meet a set of defined criteria. The criteria are defined by a series of one or more qualifying conditions that ...

Here’s a crude (but simple to implement) complex signal envelope detection scheme. By envelope detection, we mean estimating the instantaneous magnitude of a complex signal x c (n). Whether this ...