The study of Lagrangian equations and gradient estimates occupies a critical niche at the intersection of partial differential equations, differential geometry, and variational calculus ...

Learn how to find equations of parallel lines, work out the gradient of perpendicular lines, and prove that given lines are parallel or perpendicular.

A fully derivative-free spectral residual method for solving large-scale nonlinear systems of equations is presented. It uses in a systematic way the residual vector as a search direction, a spectral ...