The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) is a key multilateral treaty adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 16, 1966, and entered into force on ...

International Norms: The Declaration has influenced international treaties, regional charters (like the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights), and global conferences, including the Vienna ...

In summary, the Supreme Court in People's Union for Democratic Rights vs. State of Bihar (1986) ruled against the unlawful police firing on peaceful peasants, affirming the constitutional rights to ...

The climate of fear and impunity created by AFSPA undermines democratic participation, silences dissent, and erodes trust between Indigenous communities and the state. The militarization of Indigenous ...

The Nelson Mandela Rules address various aspects of prison management, including security, safety, and the use of technology. They emphasize the importance of treating all prisoners with respect and ...

The Supreme Court's 1982 judgment in People's Union for Democratic Rights v. Union of India (AIR 1982 SC 1473) is a landmark ruling that expanded the scope of fundamental rights and reinforced labor ...

The inclusion of I4C under the PMLA framework allows it to receive and exchange critical financial intelligence with agencies ...

The sentencing process is a cornerstone of the criminal justice system, directly impacting the credibility, fairness, and effectiveness of judicial administration. An articulate and judicial approach ...

Indian courts often prioritize equity and fairness over strict legality, especially in cases where rigid application of law would result in injustice. This reflects the Western philosophical emphasis ...

Since there was no specific legislation on sexual harassment at the time, the Court laid down a set of procedural guidelines known as the Vishaka Guidelines. These guidelines mandated employers to ...

The core of the doctrine is that the ratio decidendi (the legal reasoning essential to the decision) of a higher court's ju ...

Judicial activism in India gained momentum from the 1970s, with courts increasingly intervening in matters of public interest and governance. This trend is exemplified by the rise of Public Interest ...